The Effect of Ethical Leadership on Recreational Motivation and Job Satisfaction

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18505340

Keywords:

Ethical leadership, job satisfaction, public sector employees, recreation

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of ethical leadership on recreational motivation and job satisfaction, and to reveal the role of recreational motivation in this relationship. The study was designed within the framework of a quantitative research approach using a relational survey model. The sample consisted of 187 employees working in both the public and private sectors in the province of Isparta. Data were collected using the Ethical Leadership Scale, the Recreational Motivation Scale, and the Job Satisfaction Scale. The collected data were analyzed using structural equation modeling.The results of the analysis indicate that ethical leadership has a positive and significant effect on recreational motivation. In addition, ethical leadership was found to have a direct and significant effect on job satisfaction. Recreational motivation was also identified as a strong and positive predictor of job satisfaction. Regarding the explanatory power of the model, ethical leadership was found to explain a substantial proportion of the variance in recreational motivation, while ethical leadership and recreational motivation together accounted for a considerable proportion of the variance in job satisfaction.Overall, the findings suggest that ethical leadership plays a decisive role not only in organizational processes but also in employees’ leisure-related motivation and overall job satisfaction.

References

Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Baycan, A. (1985). An analysis of the several aspects of job satisfaction between different occupational groups (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Boğaziçi Üniversitesi.

Bedi, A., Alpaslan, C. M., & Green, S. (2016). A meta-analytic review of ethical leadership outcomes and moderators. Journal of Business Ethics, 139(3), 517–536. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2625-1

Brown, M. E., & Treviño, L. K. (2006). Ethical leadership: A review and future directions. The Leadership Quarterly, 17(6), 595–616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2006.10.004

Brown, M. E., Treviño, L. K., & Harrison, D. A. (2005). Ethical leadership: A social learning perspective for construct development and testing. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 97(2), 117–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2005.03.002

Colquitt, J. A., Scott, B. A., Rodell, J. B., Long, D. M., Zapata, C. P., Conlon, D. E., & Wesson, M. J. (2013). Justice at the millennium, a decade later: A meta-analytic test of social exchange and affect-based perspectives. Journal of Applied Psychology, 98(2), 199–236. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031757

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01

Demirtas, O., & Akdogan, A. A. (2015). The effect of ethical leadership behavior on ethical climate, turnover intention, and affective commitment. Journal of Business Ethics, 130(1), 59–67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2196-6

Hobfoll, S. E. (2011). Conservation of resources theory: Its implication for stress, health, and resilience. Oxford Handbook of Stress, Health, and Coping, 127–147.

Iso-Ahola, S. E. (1989). Motivation for leisure. In E. L. Jackson & T. L. Burton (Eds.), Understanding leisure and recreation: Mapping the past, charting the future (pp. 247–279). Venture Publishing.

Iso-Ahola, S. E. (1999). Motivation for leisure. In E. L. Jackson & T. L. Burton (Eds.), Leisure studies: Prospects for the twenty-first century (pp. 35–51). State College, PA: Venture Publishing.

Iwasaki, Y. (2007). Leisure and quality of life in an international and multicultural context: What are major pathways linking leisure to quality of life? Social Indicators Research, 82(2), 233–264. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-006-9032-z

Iwasaki, Y. (2017). Contributions of leisure to “meaning-making” and its implications for leisure studies and services. Annals of Leisure Research, 20(4), 416–426. https://doi.org/10.1080/11745398.2016.1170539

Judge, T. A., Bono, J. E., Thoresen, C. J., & Patton, G. K. (2001). The job satisfaction–job performance relationship: A qualitative and quantitative review. Psychological Bulletin, 127(3), 376–407. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.127.3.376

Locke, E. A. (1976). The nature and causes of job satisfaction. In M. D. Dunnette (Ed.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (pp. 1297–1349). Rand McNally.

Neubert, M. J., Carlson, D. S., Kacmar, K. M., Roberts, J. A., & Chonko, L. B. (2009). The virtuous influence of ethical leadership behavior: Evidence from the field. Journal of Business Ethics, 90(2), 157–170. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-009-0037-9

Newman, A., Kiazad, K., Miao, Q., & Cooper, B. (2017). Examining the cognitive and affective trust-based mechanisms underlying the relationship between ethical leadership and organisational citizenship. Journal of Business Ethics, 148(1), 87–100. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2918-4

Newman, D. B., Tay, L., & Diener, E. (2014). Leisure and subjective well-being: A model of psychological mechanisms as mediating factors. Journal of Happiness Studies, 15(3), 555–578. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-013-9435-x

Pelletier, L. G., Tuson, K. M., Fortier, M. S., Vallerand, R. J., Briere, N. M., & Blais, M. R. (1995). Toward a new measure of intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and amotivation in sports: The Sport Motivation Scale (SMS). Journal of sport and Exercise Psychology, 17(1), 35-53.

Ruiz-Palomino, P., Ruiz-Amaya, C., & Knörr, H. (2019). Employee organizational citizenship behaviour: The direct and indirect impact of ethical leadership. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, 36(4), 445–458. https://doi.org/10.1002/cjas.1512

Sonnentag, S. (2018). The recovery paradox: Portraying the complex interplay between job stressors, lack of recovery, and poor well-being. Research in Organizational Behavior, 38, 169–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riob.2018.11.002

Stouten, J., van Dijke, M., Mayer, D. M., De Cremer, D., & Euwema, M. C. (2013). Can a leader be seen as too ethical? The curvilinear effects of ethical leadership. Journal of Business Ethics, 116(2), 397–412. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1451-3

Walker, G. J., & Wang, X. (2008). A cross-cultural comparison of leisure constraints. Leisure Sciences, 30(5), 458–475. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400802353299

Weiss, D. J., Dawis, R. V., England, G. W., & Lofquist, L. H. (1967). Manual for the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire. University of Minnesota, Industrial Relations Center.

Yukl, G., Mahsud, R., Hassan, S., & Prussia, G. E. (2013). An improved measure of ethical leadership. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 20(1), 38–48. https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051811429352

Downloads

Published

2026-02-15

How to Cite

Bozguney, R. (2026). The Effect of Ethical Leadership on Recreational Motivation and Job Satisfaction. Journal of Young Sport Academy, 2(1), 14–26. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18505340

Issue

Section

Articles