Writing Rules

Manuscript Structure

The main text of the manuscript should consist of the following sections:

  • Introduction
  • Method
  • Results
  • Discussion
  • Conclusion
  • References

INTRODUCTION

The Introduction should present the subject of the study, its rationale, the problem, and the theoretical or conceptual framework, including a review of fundamental literature. The final paragraph should state the study’s objective and its original contribution. Definitions, abbreviations, assumptions, and limitations (if any) should be explained in this section with appropriate justification.

The manuscript text should be formatted as follows:

  • Font: Calibri 12-point
  • Alignment: Justified on both sides
  • Line Spacing: 1.5 lines
  • Margins: 2.5 cm on all sides
  • Spacing between Sections/Paragraphs: 6 points

In-text citations should be provided immediately after the quoted material within parentheses, including the author’s/ authors’ last name(s) and publication year. For example:

  • Single author: (Terazzi, 2021)
  • Two authors: (Altın and Karames, 2001)
  • Three or more authors: (Alaten et al., 2020)

When citing multiple sources for the same idea, list them in chronological order (starting with the earliest) and separate each citation with a semicolon. For example:
(Altın and Karames, 2001; Azarten, 2011; Zortaş et al., 2012).

If the source is mentioned in the narrative, only the author’s last name is given followed by the publication year in parentheses. For example:
Azerioğlu et al. (1995) stated that …

METHOD

This section should provide detailed information about the design and model of the research, and include the following subheadings as applicable.
Note: The source, approval number, and date of the ethics committee approval must be specified in this section.

  • Participants:
    Describe the study group in detail. If necessary, include a table presenting detailed demographic information. A power analysis is recommended to determine the appropriate sample size.

  • Instruments:
    Detail the inventories or instruments used for data collection, including comprehensive explanations of each.

  • Data Analysis:
    Provide detailed information on the data analysis process, including the software used and the specific analytical techniques applied.

RESULTS

  • Tables:
    Table captions should be written in Calibri 11-point font (which may be reduced to 8-point if necessary), with a spacing of 6 points after the caption. Tables must conform to APA style and should not include vertical lines to maintain readability. The table caption and its number should be in bold, with only the first letter capitalized (e.g., “Table 1”). If a table does not fit on one page, it should be continued on the next page with the heading “Continuation of Table 2.” Table notes should be formatted in the same style as the main text.

DISCUSSION

This section should interpret and discuss the findings in the context of the existing literature. It should compare the study’s results with previous research, include the researcher’s interpretation, and address the implications of the findings. Additionally, it should identify the study’s strengths and weaknesses, acknowledge its limitations, and discuss the practical implications, unresolved questions, and any new hypotheses if applicable.

CONCLUSION

The conclusions drawn from the study and any recommendations for future research should be briefly stated.

REFERENCES

  • Formatting:
    References must be formatted according to APA-6 guidelines, listed alphabetically (without numbering), and written in Calibri 10-point font. A spacing of 6 points should follow each reference entry, and a hanging indent of 1.25 cm must be applied.
        If available, the DOI number should be included at the end of the reference.

  • Ordering:
    The reference list should be organized alphabetically by the first letter of the first author’s last name. If the same author has multiple works, they should be arranged chronologically, starting with the earliest publication.
    For multiple works by the same author in the same year (or for the same group of authors in the same order), arrange the entries alphabetically by the first letter of the title and assign a letter (e.g., 2020a, 2020b) next to the publication year.
    If an author has both single-authored and multi-authored works, the single-authored publications should be listed first.
    In cases where the first author is identical but the second (or third) authors differ, the source with the second author whose name comes first alphabetically should be listed first. If the second authors are the same, then the order should be determined by the third author.

For detailed APA style guidelines, please visit:
https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations