Taktil Uyaranların Bipedal Postural Salınım ve Sportif Performansa Etkisi: Geleneksel Derleme
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17041751Anahtar Kelimeler:
Postural kontrol, Postural stabilite, Somatosensörik sistem, Taktil uyaranlar, Atletik performansÖzet
İki ayak üzerinde omurga dik konumda ayakta durma becerisi olan bipedal duruş, insan bedeninin en temel gelişmiş motor özelliklerinden biridir. Diğer tüm kas-iskelet becerilerinde olduğu gibi bipedal duruş, mekanik yönlerin ve sinir sistemimizin önemli bir işlevsel koordinasyonuyla elde edilir. Sinir sistemi bipedal duruşun korunması üzerindeki rolünü bir çeşit duyusal bilgi toplama ve motor komut üretme sistemi olan somatosensörik sistemle (SS) yürütmektedir. Bu da merkezi sinir sistemine (MSS) gelen duyuların, bu sistemden çıkan motor komutlar üzerinde etkisi olduğu anlamına gelmektedir. SS’ e gelen ve bipedal duruştaki salınımlar üzerinde etkili olan vizüel, vestibüler ve proprioseptif duyuları değiştirerek bipedal duruşun stabilitesi farklılaştırılabilir. Duyu reseptörleri açısından oldukça zengin ve proprioseptif bilgi taşıyan bir doku olan derideki çeşitli duyusal reseptörlerin uyarılması ile bipedal postural salınımlarının nasıl etkilendiği konusunda ise çalışmalar sınırlı sayıdadır. Bu sebeple bu çalışmanın amacı, deri yoluyla verilen dokunsal (taktil) uyaranların bipedal postural salınımları üzerindeki etkisini incelemek ve önceki araştırmalar doğrultusunda taktil uyaranların bipedal postural salınıma etkisi ile ilgili genel bilgi vermektir. Geleneksel derleme türünde tasarlanan bu araştırmada veri toplama yöntemi olarak doküman analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır ve Pubmed, Google Scholar ve Web of Science elektronik veri tabanlarında yer alan araştırmalar incelenmiştir. Literatür taraması sonrası bulunan araştırmalardan herhangi bir hastalık ve doğumsal anomali üzerinde olanlar elenmiştir. İnsan bedeninde somatosensörik işleyişi baz alarak bipedal postural salınımlarını duyusal değişkenlerle ölçen bilimsel makaleler arasından özellikle deri reseptörleri ile ilgili olanlar dikkate alınmıştır. Sonuç olarak deri mekanoreseptörleri sayesinde algıladığımız taktil uyaranların postural salınımı azaltmada ve bazı spor disiplinlerinde atletik performansı güçlendirmede rol oynadığı görülmektedir. Bununla birlikte fiziksel aktivite veya spora katılımın postural salınımı iyileştirdiğini de söylemek mümkündür. Bazı spor disiplinlerinde -örneğin atıcılık, okçuluk, dart vb.- postural salınımın sportif performansa ve başarıya doğrudan etkisinin de olduğu düşünüldüğünde bu çalışma ile sunulan bilgilerin antrenör ve uygulayıcıların postural salınım üzerinde taktil uyaranların etkisi hakkında bilgi sahibi olmaları ve belki de ısınma stratejisi olarak da kullanılabilecek bir yönteme katkı sağlayabileceği düşünülmektedir.
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